Municipal / Public Services

Summary 
The Courts job family consists of positions that support the judicial branch of government by providing clerical, administrative, and legal support services. The positions in this job family are responsible for a variety of tasks, including maintaining court records, preparing legal documents, conducting research, and providing customer service, whilst judges also renders decisions on legal matters brought before the court.

Typical activities

• Presides over court proceedings, interprets and applies the law, and renders decisions in criminal and civil cases.
• Oversees and manages the administration aspects of the court.
• Sets up hearing schedules that work with the availability of magistrates.
• Ensures court proceedings move as smoothly as possible.
• Provides advice to those within the courts.

Synonyms or related job titles

Bailiff, Judge’s Clerk, Conveyancing Clerk, Court Clerk, Justice of the Peace, Judge, Chief Justice, Magistrate

Summary 
The Education job family is responsible for planning, developing, and managing educational programs and services. This includes developing curriculum, designing instructional materials, conducting research, and assessing educational programs. Education job holders also play a role in policymaking and promoting educational opportunities.

Typical activities

• Evaluates curricula, teaching methods, and programs to determine their effectiveness, efficiency, and use, and to ensure that school activities comply with federal, state, and local regulations.
• Meets with federal, state, and local agencies to keep updated on policies and to discuss improvements for education programs.
• Sets educational standards and goals, and helps establish policies and procedures to carry them out.

Synonyms or related Job Titles
Education Administrator, Superintendent, School Principal

1. Vocational Education

Summary

The Vocational Education job family consists of positions that are responsible for planning, organizing, and providing vocational and technical education programs and courses. These positions may also be responsible for developing and administering curriculum, conducting classes and workshops, and providing guidance and counseling to students.

Core Duties

• Administers oral, written or other manner of tests to evaluate student performance.
• Provides individualized instruction and tutorial.
• Identifies the educational needs of apprentices / trainees and devises ways to meet them.
• Organizes, plans and delivers various learning material to a class of students.

Synonyms or related job titles

Vocational Education Teacher, Technology Instructor

2. Secondary Education

Summary 
The Secondary Education job family is responsible for providing education and support to students in secondary schools. This includes teaching, counselling, and guidance in order to help students develop academically, socially, and emotionally. Job holders may also be responsible for extracurricular activities, such as sports and clubs.

Typical activities

• Instructs through lectures and other teaching methods.
• Adapts these methods continually to ensure the students’ educational needs are met.
• Develops specific goals for the students and guides them towards completion of these goals.
• Communicates with parents, guardians, peers and higher management to ensure the broad needs of the students are being met.

Synonyms or related job titles

Secondary School Teacher, High School Teacher, Special Needs Teacher, Learning Support Teacher

3. Primary Education

Summary 
The Primary Education job family is responsible for planning, directing, and coordinating the instructional programs of primary schools. They develop education programs, select textbooks and other teaching materials, and supervise the instruction of students. They also evaluate student progress and prepare reports on student performance.

Typical activities

• Confers with parents, teachers, and other people to resolve the problems of students in the classroom.
• Prepares students for later grades through testing and encouragement to learn on their own.
• Organizes, plans and delivers various course materials.
• Identifies the needs of others and develops education programs to meet those needs.

Synonyms or related job titles

Elementary Teacher, Primary Teacher

4. Early Childhood Education

Summary 
The Early Childhood Education job family is responsible for planning, coordinating, and providing educational and developmental services for young children from birth to age eight. This includes developing and implementing curriculum, providing instruction and assessment, and collaborating with families and other professionals to support the child's physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development.

Typical activities

• Uses various teaching methods to aid in the learning process of young children.
• Carries out reports of children to monitor progression of skills and knowledge.
• Helps to provide a safe and productive environment for the child’s learning.
• Works closely with parents and other institutions to ensure the needs of each child are being met.

Synonyms or related job titles

Kindergarten Teacher, Pre-school Teacher, Child Care Worker, Crèche Aid, Family Day Care Worker, Nanny, Early Childhood Educator, Pre-School Assistant

5. Library Services

Summary 
The Library Services job family is responsible for providing high-quality library and information services to educators, teachers, pupils and students. This includes managing library collections, providing reference and research assistance, and developing and delivering library programs and services within educational institutions. Job holders work closely with other library staff and volunteers to ensure that library patrons have a positive experience.

Typical activities

• Uses computers and various software to process relevant information and manage databases.
• Keeps up to date records of all library property.
• Provides reference and research assistance for customers.
• Maintains a strong working knowledge of the items and programs used by the library.

Synonyms or related job titles

Librarian, Library Clerk, Library Filer

6. School Health & Nutrition Services

Summary

School Health & Nutrition Services is a specialised sub-family within the Municipal / Public Services | Education job family, focusing on promoting the health and well-being of students through comprehensive health services and nutrition programs in schools. This category includes roles such as school nurses, nutrition specialists, health educators, and food service managers. Professionals in this field work within the educational system, including public and private schools, to implement programs that support physical health, provide nutritious meals, and educate students on healthy lifestyle choices.

Typical Activities

• Assessing and addressing the physical, nutritional, and emotional health needs of students.
• Developing and implementing school-wide health policies and programs, including vaccination, health screenings, and emergency preparedness.
• Planning, coordinating, and overseeing school meal programs to ensure they meet nutritional standards and dietary needs of students.
• Providing health education to students, staff, and parents on topics such as nutrition, physical activity, mental health, and substance abuse prevention.
• Collaborating with teachers, administrators, and external health organizations to integrate health and wellness into the school curriculum and environment.

Synonyms or related job titles

School Nurse, Nutrition Specialist, Health Educator, Food Service Manager, School Dietitian, Health and Wellness Coordinator, Student Health Services Director, School Health Aide, Cafeteria Manager, Nutrition Education Coordinator.

7. Special Education

Summary

Special Education is a sub-family within the Municipal / Public Services | Education job family, dedicated to providing tailored educational programs, services, and support to students with disabilities or special needs. This area encompasses roles such as special education teachers, educational psychologists, speech and language therapists, and special needs assistants. Professionals in special education work in a range of settings including public and private schools, special education centres, and residential facilities. Their work is critical in designing and implementing individualized educational plans (IEPs) that accommodate the unique learning styles and requirements of each student, ensuring equitable access to education and promoting inclusion within the school community.

Typical Activities

• Assessing students' unique needs and collaborating with educators, parents, and specialists to develop and implement effective IEPs.
• Employing specialized instructional strategies and tools to facilitate learning and skill development for students with diverse needs.
• Providing direct support and interventions for students, including literacy and numeracy support, social skills training, and adaptive technology use.
• Advocating for the rights and needs of students with disabilities, ensuring compliance with relevant laws and policies regarding special education.
• Facilitating professional development for teaching staff on best practices in special education, inclusion strategies, and awareness of disabilities.

Synonyms or related job titles

Special Education Teacher, Educational Psychologist, Speech and Language Therapist, Special Needs Assistant, Learning Support Teacher, Behavioral Specialist, Special Education Coordinator, Occupational Therapist, Resource Room Teacher, Inclusion Specialist.

8. Other Education Disciplines

Please match in this collective family all specialized Education jobs that cannot be assigned to one of the above-mentioned families. Competencies from the parent family will be shown. A selection of parent family-specific Benchmark Job Matches is available and can be selected manually. The availability of benchmark job matches depends on the survey vendor chosen.

Summary 
The Public Health / Safety job family consists of positions that work to protect the public from health and safety hazards. 

Job holders plan, implement, and coordinate programs and activities to promote public health and safety. They also develop and enforce policies and regulations to ensure public health and the general safety of the public.

Typical activities

• Arranges and attends meetings regarding the health and well-being of the public.
• Carries out regular inspections and compiles reports on health code violations to determine areas where faults exist.
• Consults with specialists in order to determine the best practices that should be in place.
• Talks directly with members of the public to find areas of concern regarding safety.

Synonyms or related job titles

Public Health Officer, Public Safety Officer, Community Health Advisor

1. Prisons

Summary

The Prison job family consists of positions that are responsible for the care, custody, and control of inmates in a prison or jail setting. 

Jo holders may be responsible for supervising inmates, providing security, maintaining order, and providing inmate services.

Typical activities

• Provides custody and care of offenders in accordance with prison regulations.
• Monitors and supervises offenders' activities.
• Plans and implements rehabilitative programs.
• Prepares offenders for release back into the community.

Synonyms or related job titles

Correctional Officer, Warden, Protective Services Worker, Prison Guard

2. Police

Summary

The Police job family is responsible for the safety of the public and the enforcement of laws.

Job holders work to maintain order and keep the peace in communities. They investigate crimes, apprehend criminals, and work to prevent crime. The Police job family is part of the justice system and plays a vital role in keeping communities safe.

Typical activities

• Patrols assigned areas to prevent and discover crime and to enforce regulations.
• Conducts investigations and gathers evidence.
• Interacts with the public to gather information and resolve complaints.
• Prepares detailed reports.

Synonyms or related job titles

Police Detective, Police Enquiry Agent, Police Inspector, Police Commissioner, Police Officer, Constable, Police Patrol Officer

3. Fire

Summary

The Fire job family consists of positions that are responsible for performing fire suppression, rescue, and emergency medical services. These positions are responsible for responding to emergency calls, operating fire equipment, and extinguishing fires.

Typical activities

• Responds to fire and rescue emergencies.
• Operates and maintains firefighting and rescue equipment.
• Conducts fire prevention activities.
• Educates the public about fire safety.

Synonyms or related job titles

Firefighter, Fire Marshall, Fire Code Inspector, Fire Inspector, Fire Investigator

4. Environmental Protection

Summary 
The Environmental Protection job family consists of positions that are responsible for the development and implementation of programs to protect the environment and conserve natural resources.

Job holders develop and enforce environmental regulations, conduct environmental research, and develop and implement environmental education and outreach programs.

Typical activities

• Arranges and carries out tasks that educate others on the threats to the environment.
• Remains up to date with local and global environmental laws.
• Actively promotes better ways to doing things that minimize the threat to the environment.
• Researches relevant processes and methods of protecting the environment.

Synonyms or related job titles

Air Pollution Analyst, Conservation Officer, Conservation Scientist, Ecologist, Environmental Advisor, Environmental Auditor, Environmental Consultant,  Environmental Research Scientist, Environmental Scientist, Park Ranger, Water Quality Analyst

5. Crisis Management and Planning

Summary 
The Crisis Management and Planning job family is responsible for developing and implementing plans and procedures to prevent, prepare for, and respond to crises and emergencies. This includes developing and maintaining emergency response plans, coordinating with other agencies and organizations, and conducting training and exercises. They also monitor and assess potential threats, and provide information and recommendations to decision-makers

Typical activities

• Identifies potential sources of problems for the community.
• Puts plans into place to mitigate negative consequences from crises.
• Works with other departments to put relevant safety nets in place.
• Educates staff on various risks associated with the region / community.

Synonyms or related job titles 

Crisis Intervention, Emergency Management, Disaster Management

6. Animal Control

Summary

The Animal Control job family consists of positions that are responsible for the enforcement of animal-related laws and regulations and the care and control of animals. These positions perform a variety of tasks, including investigating complaints of animal cruelty, capturing and impounding stray animals, and investigating suspected rabies cases. Job holders also provide education to the public on animal-related issues, such as responsible pet ownership and the dangers of rabies.

Typical activities

• Captures and removes stray or uncontrolled animals from undesirable conditions.
• Maintains files of impoundments and dispositions of animals.
• Investigates complaints of animal cruelty.
• Prepares for prosecutions related to animal maltreatment.
• Makes decisions and solves problems related to animal welfare.

Synonyms or related job titles
Animal Control Officers, Animal Shelter Workers, Animal Welfare Officers

7. Ambulance / Rescue

Summary

The Ambulance/Rescue job family consists of positions that are responsible for providing medical treatment and transport for sick, injured, or convalescent persons, and for providing emergency medical services. Positions in this job family are found in a variety of settings, including hospitals, ambulance services, fire departments, and other medical care facilities.

Typical activities

• Provides first aid in different emergency situations.
• Assists with emergency medical diagnosis and administration of medication.
• Transports injured or ill people in an appropriate manner based on their medical condition.
• Documents and records information at accident scenes.

Synonyms or related job titles

Ambulance Driver and Attendant, Emergency Medical Technician, Paramedic, Paramedical Practitioners, Advanced Care Paramedic, Feldsher, Primary Care Paramedic

Summary 
The Public Administration job family consists of positions that manage, supervise, or perform administrative functions in support of public programs and services. This includes positions in executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, as well as positions in public and quasi-public organizations. 

Typical activities

• Carries out day to day administration tasks.
• Helps in the allocation of public resources.
• Reports any administrative issues to the relevant bodies.
• Manages and coordinates programs and services.

Synonyms or related job titles

Civil Servant, Public Servant, Civil Service, Public Service, Local Government Officer, County Administrator, Parish Administrator, City Manager, County Manager, Urban and Regional Planner, Community Service Manager

1. Social Services

Summary 
The Social Services job family is responsible for providing direct services to individuals, families, and communities in order to promote social and economic well-being. This includes providing case management, counseling, and support services to those in need. Social Job holders may also advocate on behalf of their clients, connect them with resources, and provide crisis intervention services.

Typical activities

• Provides direct service to clients in need.
• Conducts assessments to identify client needs.
• Develops and implements service plans.
• Provides crisis intervention.
• Links clients to appropriate resources and services

Synonyms or related job titles

Community Development Worker, Community Services Worker, Social Worker, Crisis Intervention Worker, Parole Officer, Probation Officer

2. Revenue / Tax Authorities

Summary

The Revenue / Tax Authorities job family is responsible for the administration and enforcement of taxes and other revenue-related laws and regulations. This includes collecting taxes, auditing taxpayers, and investigating and prosecuting tax evasion and other revenue-related crimes. 

Typical activities

• Assesses taxes and other revenues owed to the government.
• Collects taxes and other revenues from individuals and businesses.
• Enforces payment of taxes and other revenues owed to the government.
• Works with other government agencies to ensure efficient and effective tax collection

Synonyms or related job titles

City Tax Auditor, Revenue Agent, Revenue Collector, Revenue Officer, Revenue Specialist, Tax Collector, Tax Compliance Officer, Tax Examiner, Excise Officer, Tax Officer, Taxation Inspector

3. Regulation & Inspection

Summary 
The Regulation & Inspection job family is responsible for overseeing the development of new regulations that best reflect the interests of the public, businesses in the local area and other organisations. Job holders help to ensure all regulations and standards put forward by various committees are in line with the community’s values and goals.

Typical activities

• Educates businesses and the public on various regulations and standards.
• Works with businesses and the public to find where regulations are failing.
• Ensures businesses are compliant with these regulations.
• Evaluates the successful implementation of new regulations.
• Inspects structures, buildings, agricultural commodities or goods, processing equipment, and facilities, to determine compliance with specifications, codes, and other regulations.

Synonyms or related job titles

Inspector, Agricultural Inspector, Fisheries Inspector, Forestry Inspector, Prices Inspector, Wage Inspector, Weights and Measures Inspector

4. Planning and Zoning / Urban Planning

Summary

The Urban Planning job family consists of positions that are responsible for performing a variety of professional planning work in support of the development, implementation, and maintenance of comprehensive plans and programs for the physical development of urban areas. This work includes conducting studies; collecting and analyzing data; preparing reports; making recommendations; and providing technical assistance related to the preparation, revision, and update of comprehensive plans, zoning ordinances, subdivision regulations, and other land development regulations.

Typical activities

• Develops and implements long-term plans for the growth and development of urban areas.
• Works with government officials, developers, and citizens to create plans that balance the needs of all parties.
• Conducts research on demographics, land use, traffic patterns, and other factors to inform planning decisions.
• Analyzes data to identify trends and recommends solutions to problems such as overcrowding, traffic congestion, and declining property values

Synonyms or related job titles

Urban Planner, Town Planner, City Planner, Regional Planner, Rural Planner

5. Licensing

Summary

The Licensing job family is responsible for the evaluation of applications, records and documents to gather relevant information about eligibility and liability issues. 

Job holders will advise licensees or other groups or persons concerning licenses and permit regulations. They must also evaluate reports and information to establish whether or not individuals are compliant with rules and regulations.

Typical activities

• Warns violators of infractions and penalties.
• Prepares reports and evaluations of license applications.
• Reports law or regulation violations to appropriate boards and agencies.
• Processes various information using computers and various software and databases.

Synonyms or related job titles

Government Licensing Official, Building Permit Officer, Business Permit Officer, Licensing Officer

6. Economic Development

Summary 
The Economic Development job family is responsible for a wide range of activities aimed at promoting economic growth and prosperity in a community or region. These activities include working with businesses to attract and retain investment, providing support for entrepreneurship and small business growth, developing and implementing strategies for economic revitalization, and identifying and pursuing opportunities for new economic development.

Typical activities

• Supports start-ups by offering help and advice, acting as guides and facilitators on their start-up journey.
• Carries out actions to help the growth of local businesses.
• Designs and crafts strategies that will help the businesses to achieve their goals.
• Works with other departments to promote economic growth of the region.

Synonyms or related job titles

Business Advisor, Economic Advisor

7. Civil Infrastructure / Urban Engineering

Summary 
The Civil Infrastructure / Urban Engineering job family is responsible for planning, designing, and oversee the construction and maintenance of public and private infrastructure, including roads, bridges, airports, sewer systems, and water treatment plants. They also develop plans to manage urban growth and development, and work with government officials to implement policies and regulations.

Typical activities

• Specifies, designs, constructs, and maintains streets, sidewalks, water supply networks, sewers, street lighting, municipal solid waste management and disposal, storage depots for various bulk materials used for maintenance and public works (salt, sand, etc.), public parks and cycling infrastructure.
• Maintains up to date knowledge of local building laws and regulations.
• Oversees projects and construction to ensure safety standards are being met.
• Reports to the relevant departments about development and progress of projects.

Synonyms or related job titles

Municipal Engineer, Urban Engineer

Summary 
The Public Transportation job family is responsible for the operation of all modes of public transportation, including buses, trains, subways, and light rail. 

Job holders are responsible for the safety and security of the passengers and for the efficient operation of the system. They work closely with the public to ensure that they are satisfied with the service.

Typical activities

• Operates and maintains public transportation vehicles.
• Ensures the safety and reliability of public transportation systems.
• Provides customer service to passengers.
• Manages public transportation schedules and routes.

Synonyms or related Job Titles
Transportation Engineer, Transit Operators

1. Railway Services

Summary

The Railway Services job family is responsible for providing passenger and freight rail services. This includes operating and maintaining railway infrastructure, operating trains, and providing customer service.

Job holders work in a variety of roles, from train operators to customer service representatives. They must be able to safely and efficiently operate trains, as well as provide excellent customer service.

Typical activities

• Maintains trains and railway services.
• Drives locomotives to transport passengers or freight.
• Lays, repairs, and maintains track for railroad equipment used in regular railroad service.
• Installs, inspects, tests, maintains, or repairs electric gate crossings, signal equipment etc. within a railroad system.
• Organizes both passenger and freight rail services, taking responsibility for the smooth running of trains.
• Reports any incidents to the authorities.
• Ensures the efficiency of the railway network as a whole.

Synonyms or related job titles

Train Conductor, Train Guard, Train Attendant, Trains Driver, Train Engineer, Train Operator, Train Manager, Chief Guard, Rail Planner

2. Port Authorities and Maritime Services

Summary 
The Local Port Authorities and Maritime Services job family consists of positions that are responsible for the operation and management of local port authorities and maritime services. 

Job holders are responsible for the safety and security of the port and its facilities, as well as the efficient and effective operation of the port. They also oversee the development and implementation of maritime policy and regulations, and work to ensure the compliance of maritime laws and regulations.

Typical activities

• Oversees the operation of maritime facilities and services within a port authority's jurisdiction.
• Ensures the safety and efficiency of maritime operations within the port.
• Manages the construction and maintenance of port facilities.
• Oversees the provision of maritime services, such as pilotage, mooring, and towage.

Synonyms or related job titles

Harbormaster, Marine Architect, Port Architect

3. Local Public Transportation

Summary

The Local Public Transportation job family consists of positions that are responsible for providing safe, reliable, and efficient public transportation within a defined geographical area. This includes positions that operate buses, streetcars, subways, and other public transportation vehicles; positions that supervise and coordinate the activities of public transportation operators; and positions that plan, develop, and implement public transportation systems and programs.

Typical activities

• Develop and administer programs to improve public transportation systems.
• Coordinate with public and private transportation providers to create efficient transit systems.
• Analyze data to identify patterns and trends in transportation usage.
• Develop policies and procedures to optimize transportation systems.

Synonyms or related job titles

Transport Conductor, Bus Conductor, Cable Car Conductor, Ticket Inspector (Public Transport), Tram Conductor, Transportation Worker

4. Airport Operations

Summary

The Airport Operations job family is responsible for the safe and efficient operation of the airport. This includes the management of air traffic, the operation of the airport’s ground infrastructure, and the management of the airport’s security.

Typical activities

• Carry out regular runway inspections to ensure the safety of planes landing and taking off.
• Inspect various areas of the airport for potential safety issues.
• Coordinate the repair and maintenance of any key areas of the airport.
• Work with various software packages to organise stand plans and other important systems.

Synonyms or related job titles

Airport Operations Specialist, Airport Operations Manager

5. Transport Planning and Scheduling

Summary

The Transport Planning and Scheduling job family is comprising roles responsible for designing route networks, developing timetables, planning service offerings, scheduling vehicle and crew deployments, and coordinating real-time dispatching across bus, tram, metro, and rail operations. It includes, but is not limited to, transport planners, timetable designers, route network analysts, crew schedulers, operations controllers, and dispatch coordinators. These positions are found in municipal transit authorities, regional transport associations, railway undertakings, and public transportation planning departments. The overarching objective is to ensure that public transportation services are planned and scheduled to maximise coverage, frequency, reliability, and cost efficiency for the travelling public.

Typical Activities

• Designing and optimising route networks, line plans, and service patterns based on passenger demand data, travel surveys, and urban development forecasts.
• Developing and maintaining timetables, running schedules, and headway plans that balance service frequency, vehicle availability, and operational constraints.
• Planning and allocating vehicle and crew rosters to ensure efficient deployment of rolling stock and driving personnel across daily operations.
• Coordinating real-time dispatching and operations control, including managing service disruptions, delays, and contingency plans to maintain schedule adherence.
• Analysing ridership data, on-time performance metrics, and capacity utilisation to identify service improvements and inform strategic planning decisions.
• Collaborating with regional transport authorities, neighbouring operators, and infrastructure managers to coordinate intermodal connections and integrated timetabling.

Synonyms or related job titles

Transport Planner, Timetable Designer, Route Network Analyst, Crew Scheduler, Operations Controller, Dispatch Coordinator, Service Planner, Transit Scheduler, Traffic Planner, Duty Roster Planner, Operations Planner, Network Development Manager.

6. Signalling and Train Control Systems

Summary

The Signalling and Train Control Systems job family is encompassing roles responsible for the design, installation, maintenance, testing, and operation of signalling equipment, interlocking systems, train protection systems, and communication-based train control technologies used in railway and urban transit networks. It includes, but is not limited to, signalling engineers, signal technicians, train control system designers, interlocking testers, and signalling project managers. These positions are found in railway infrastructure companies, urban transit operators, signalling system manufacturers, and rail safety authorities. The overarching objective is to ensure the safe separation and movement of trains through reliable signalling and train protection systems that meet stringent safety and regulatory standards.

Typical Activities

• Designing and engineering signalling systems, including track circuits, axle counters, interlocking logic, and automatic train protection installations for new and upgraded rail lines.
• Installing, commissioning, and maintaining signal heads, point machines, level crossing equipment, and associated cabling and power supply infrastructure.
• Testing and validating interlocking systems, train detection equipment, and communication-based train control software to ensure compliance with safety integrity levels and approval requirements.
• Performing preventive and corrective maintenance on signalling assets, diagnosing faults in electronic and relay-based systems, and restoring safe operations after equipment failures.
• Managing signalling renewal and migration projects, including the transition from legacy relay interlockings to modern electronic and digital signalling platforms.
• Ensuring compliance with national and international railway safety standards, signalling regulations, and certification processes throughout the asset lifecycle.

Synonyms or related job titles

Signalling Engineer, Signal Technician, Train Control System Designer, Interlocking Tester, Signalling Project Manager, Signal Maintenance Technician, Railway Safety Engineer, Train Protection Specialist, Signalling Systems Analyst, Level Crossing Technician, ETCS Engineer, Signal Installation Supervisor.

7. Rolling Stock Maintenance

Summary

The Rolling Stock Maintenance job family is comprising roles responsible for the inspection, servicing, repair, overhaul, and lifecycle management of passenger and freight vehicles used in rail, tram, metro, and bus transit operations, typically performed in depot and workshop environments. It includes, but is not limited to, rolling stock technicians, depot supervisors, vehicle body builders, traction motor specialists, brake system technicians, and fleet maintenance engineers. These positions are found in transit operator maintenance depots, railway workshops, vehicle overhaul facilities, and rolling stock manufacturers providing aftermarket services. The overarching objective is to maintain transit vehicles in a safe, reliable, and operationally available condition throughout their service life while complying with vehicle approval and safety certification requirements.

Typical Activities

• Performing scheduled inspections, servicing, and preventive maintenance on trains, trams, metro cars, and buses in accordance with manufacturer specifications and regulatory maintenance plans.
• Diagnosing and repairing mechanical, electrical, pneumatic, and hydraulic systems, including traction motors, braking systems, doors, couplers, and pantographs.
• Carrying out heavy overhauls and mid-life refurbishments of rolling stock, including bogie exchanges, bodywork repairs, interior refits, and component recertification.
• Managing depot and workshop operations, including work order scheduling, parts logistics, tool calibration, and coordination of maintenance shifts to maximise vehicle availability.
• Maintaining and repairing vehicle body structures, including welding, panel replacement, corrosion treatment, and paintwork for transit vehicles.
• Ensuring compliance with vehicle type approval standards, safety certification requirements, and regulatory inspection regimes throughout the rolling stock lifecycle.

Synonyms or related job titles

Rolling Stock Technician, Depot Supervisor, Vehicle Body Builder, Traction Motor Specialist, Brake System Technician, Fleet Maintenance Engineer, Rail Vehicle Mechanic, Workshop Manager, Transit Vehicle Electrician, Bogie Technician, Pantograph Technician, Rolling Stock Engineer.

Summary

The Public Works / Utilities job family consists of positions that are responsible for the construction, maintenance, and operation of public works and utility systems. 

Job holders operate water and sewer plants, power plants, and work in construction. They ensure that our infrastructure is properly maintained.

Typical activities

• Develops, implements, and monitors programs for the construction, maintenance, and repair of public works and utilities infrastructure.
• Oversees the planning, design, and construction of public works and utilities projects.
• Manages the operations and maintenance of public works and utilities facilities and equipment.
• Develops and implements policies and procedures for the public works and utilities department.

Synonyms or related job titles 

Public Works Manager, Public Works Engineer

1. Electricity

Summary

The Public Works / Utilities Electricity job family consists of positions that are responsible for performing a variety of skilled electrical work in the installation, maintenance, and repair of electrical equipment and systems in support of the operations of a public works or utility organization. 

Typical activities

• Oversees the distribution of electricity in the public works / utilities system.
• Maintains and repairs electrical equipment and infrastructure.
• Monitors electricity consumption and demand.
• Investigates power outages and disruptions.

Synonyms or related job titles

Power Plant, Electric Power Plant, Stationary Engineer, Distribution Control Operator, Electric Power Plant Operator, Generating Station Operator, Hydroelectric Power Plant Operator, Nuclear Power Plant Operator, Power System Operator, Solar Power Plant Operator

2. Gas / Heat

Summary

The Gas / Heat job family consists of positions that are responsible for the operation and maintenance of gas heat systems in public buildings. 

Job holders install, repair, and maintain gas heat systems, as well as operate and monitor them.

Typical activities

• Performs maintenance and repairs on gas heaters and related equipment.
• Inspects gas heaters and related equipment for safety and efficiency.
• Installs new gas heaters and related equipment.
• Provides customer service and support related to gas heaters and related equipment.

Synonyms or related job titles

Boiler Operator, Boiler Tender, Incinerator Operator, Steam Engine Operator, Stoker, Gas Fitter, HVAC Technician

3. Telecommunications

Summary

The Telecommunications job family consists of positions that are responsible for the planning, design, installation, operation, and maintenance of voice, video, and data communication systems. These positions require knowledge of telecommunications equipment, systems, and facilities.

Typical activities

• Develops and maintains technical expertise in all areas of telecommunications and related technologies.
• Designs, implements, and operates telecommunications networks.
• Plans and coordinates the installation and maintenance of telecommunications equipment.
• Troubleshoots telecommunications systems and equipment.

Synonyms or related job titles

Telephone Installer, Internet Technician, Cable Technician

4. Waste Management

Summary

The Waste Management job family consists of positions that are responsible for the safe and efficient collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste and other materials. 

Job holders operate refuse trucks, load and unload waste materials, operate transfer stations, and work at landfills. They are responsible for ensuring that waste materials are properly disposed of in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.

Typical activities

• Cleans for example streets, parks, public spaces, sewers, stormwater drains, and public toilets.
• Ensures waste systems always meet the local regulations.
• Works with large teams to carry out repairs and upgrades to existing waste management systems.
• Carries out the installation of new waste management systems.

Synonyms or related job titles

Dustman / Dustwoman, Recycling Collector, Refuse Collector, Recycling Worker, Scrap Merchant, Waste Picker, Park Sweeper, Street Sweeper, Garbage Truck Driver, Sanitation Worker

5. Water / Wastewater

Summary

The Water / Wastewater job family consists of positions that are responsible for performing a variety of duties in the operation, maintenance, and construction of water and wastewater systems. These positions require knowledge of principles and practices used in the treatment, distribution, and collection of water and wastewater.

Typical activities

• Repairs and maintains pumps, pipes, drains and other elements of the water system.
• Regularly updates and installs new sanitation and sewage equipment and systems.
• Carries out regular quality control checks of various parts of the water system.
• Reports any damage or repairs that need to be carried out.
• Maintains current systems to ensure they are running effectively.

Synonyms or related job titles

Drain Technician, Septic Cleaner, Liquid Waste Process Operator, Pumping-Station Operator, Sewage Plant Operator, Water Engineer, Wastewater Operator, Water Plant Operator, Water Treatment Operator

6. Roads and Highways

Summary

The Roads and Highways job family is encompassing roles responsible for the construction, maintenance, repair, and operational management of public roadways, bridges, pavements, and related transportation infrastructure. It includes, but is not limited to, road maintenance workers, pavement engineers, bridge inspectors, traffic signal technicians, and highway maintenance supervisors. These positions are found in municipal public works departments, county highway divisions, state transportation agencies, and regional road authorities. The overarching objective is to ensure the safety, accessibility, and structural integrity of road networks that support the daily mobility of residents, commerce, and emergency services.

Typical Activities

• Constructing, resurfacing, and repairing roads, pavements, kerbs, footpaths, and car parks to maintain safe and functional travel surfaces for vehicles and pedestrians.
• Inspecting and maintaining bridges, overpasses, culverts, and retaining walls to assess structural condition and schedule necessary repairs or replacements.
• Installing, repairing, and maintaining traffic signals, road signs, lane markings, and guardrails to support safe traffic flow and regulatory compliance.
• Coordinating seasonal operations such as snow and ice removal, street sweeping, and vegetation management along roadways and rights of way.
• Managing road closure permits, traffic control plans, and construction zone safety for public works projects and utility installations.
• Planning and prioritising capital improvement projects for road infrastructure based on condition assessments, traffic data, and community needs.

Synonyms or related job titles

Road Maintenance Worker, Highway Maintenance Technician, Pavement Engineer, Bridge Inspector, Traffic Signal Technician, Street Maintenance Supervisor, Road Crew Leader, Highway Operations Manager, Roadway Technician, Asphalt Worker, Street Repair Specialist, Traffic Operations Technician.

7. Fleet and Equipment Management

Summary

The Fleet and Equipment Management job family is a sub-family within Public Works and Utilities, encompassing roles responsible for the acquisition, maintenance, repair, and lifecycle management of municipal vehicle fleets and heavy equipment used across public works and utility operations. It includes, but is not limited to, fleet managers, heavy equipment mechanics, vehicle maintenance technicians, parts coordinators, and equipment operators. These positions are found in municipal fleet services divisions, public works maintenance yards, county motor pools, and government transportation departments. The overarching objective is to ensure that all vehicles and equipment supporting public services remain safe, reliable, and cost-effective throughout their operational life.

Typical Activities

• Performing preventive and corrective maintenance on municipal vehicles, including refuse trucks, snowploughs, utility vehicles, and emergency apparatus, to maximise uptime and extend asset life.
• Diagnosing and repairing mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, and diesel engine systems on heavy equipment such as excavators, loaders, graders, and backhoes.
• Managing fleet procurement, vehicle replacement schedules, and disposal processes based on lifecycle cost analysis, usage data, and operational requirements.
• Maintaining parts inventories, coordinating vendor relationships, and managing work order systems to support efficient shop operations and timely repairs.
• Tracking fleet utilisation, fuel consumption, and maintenance costs through fleet management information systems to identify trends and optimise resource allocation.
• Ensuring compliance with vehicle safety inspection requirements, emissions standards, and regulatory certifications for commercial and specialised municipal equipment.

Synonyms or related job titles

Fleet Manager, Heavy Equipment Mechanic, Vehicle Maintenance Technician, Fleet Maintenance Supervisor, Equipment Operator, Parts Coordinator, Diesel Mechanic, Fleet Services Director, Motor Pool Supervisor, Equipment Maintenance Worker, Automotive Technician, Fleet Analyst.

8. Stormwater Management

Summary

The Stormwater Management job family is comprising roles dedicated to the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of stormwater drainage systems, flood control infrastructure, and erosion prevention measures within municipal and public service settings. It includes, but is not limited to, stormwater engineers, drainage technicians, flood control operators, stormwater compliance officers, and watershed coordinators. These positions are found in municipal stormwater departments, regional flood control districts, environmental agencies, and public works divisions. The overarching objective is to protect communities and the environment from flooding, water pollution, and erosion through effective stormwater collection, conveyance, treatment, and discharge.

Typical Activities

• Designing, constructing, and maintaining stormwater drainage systems, including storm drains, detention basins, channels, and outfall structures, to manage surface water runoff effectively.
• Inspecting and cleaning stormwater infrastructure such as catch basins, pipes, culverts, and retention ponds to prevent blockages and ensure system capacity during storm events.
• Monitoring water quality in stormwater discharges and receiving waterways to ensure compliance with environmental permits and pollution prevention regulations.
• Developing and implementing flood mitigation plans, emergency response procedures, and community preparedness programmes for severe weather and flooding events.
• Administering stormwater utility programmes, including fee structures, development review, and erosion and sediment control permitting for construction sites.
• Coordinating watershed management initiatives and green infrastructure projects such as rain gardens, permeable pavements, and bioswales to reduce runoff and improve water quality.

Synonyms or related job titles

Stormwater Engineer, Drainage Technician, Flood Control Operator, Stormwater Compliance Officer, Watershed Coordinator, Stormwater Inspector, Drainage Maintenance Worker, Flood Management Specialist, Stormwater Programme Manager, Erosion Control Technician, Stormwater Utility Coordinator, Hydrology Technician.

9. Energy Trading

Summary

The Energy Trading job family is comprising roles responsible for the buying, selling, scheduling, and risk management of energy commodities such as electricity, natural gas, and renewable energy credits within wholesale and retail energy markets. It includes, but is not limited to, energy traders, power schedulers, market analysts, portfolio managers, and energy risk analysts. These positions are found in municipal electric and gas utilities, public power authorities, regional energy cooperatives, and government-owned generation entities that participate in deregulated or organised energy markets. The overarching objective is to optimise energy procurement and sales strategies to secure reliable supply at the lowest reasonable cost while managing market, credit, and regulatory risk.

Typical Activities

• Executing purchases and sales of electricity, natural gas, and related energy products on wholesale markets, bilateral platforms, and organised exchanges to meet utility supply obligations and capture value.
• Forecasting energy demand, generation output, and market prices using load data, weather models, and analytical tools to inform trading positions and procurement decisions.
• Scheduling energy deliveries and transmission capacity across regional grids and pipeline systems to ensure balanced supply and demand in real time.
• Monitoring and managing market, credit, and volumetric risks through hedging strategies, position limits, and compliance with enterprise risk management policies.
• Analysing regulatory developments, market rule changes, and tariff structures to assess their impact on trading operations and recommend strategic adjustments.
• Preparing trade settlement reports, regulatory filings, and performance analyses to support financial reporting, audit requirements, and management decision-making.

Synonyms or related job titles

Energy Trader, Power Scheduler, Energy Market Analyst, Energy Portfolio Manager, Energy Risk Analyst, Gas Trader, Power Marketer, Energy Procurement Specialist, Renewable Energy Trader, Energy Settlement Analyst, Commodity Trader, Energy Trading Analyst.

10. Grid Operations and Network Technology

Summary

The Grid Operations and Network Technology job family is encompassing roles responsible for the construction, operation, maintenance, and monitoring of electricity, gas, and district heating distribution networks, including metering infrastructure and grid control systems. It includes, but is not limited to, grid technicians, line workers, network planners, smart meter technicians, grid dispatchers, and distribution system operators. These positions are found in municipal utility network divisions, distribution system operators, regional grid companies, and energy cooperatives. The overarching objective is to ensure the safe, reliable, and efficient delivery of energy through distribution networks while integrating new technologies such as smart metering and grid automation.

Typical Activities

• Constructing, maintaining, and repairing overhead lines, underground cables, gas pipelines, and district heating networks to ensure continuous and safe energy distribution.
• Operating grid control centres and dispatch systems to monitor network load, manage switching operations, and coordinate outage response across distribution networks.
• Installing, commissioning, and maintaining smart meters, data concentrators, and communication infrastructure to support advanced metering and grid digitalisation.
• Planning network extensions, reinforcements, and modernisation projects based on load forecasts, connection requests, and regulatory requirements.
• Conducting inspections, testing, and preventive maintenance on transformers, switchgear, pressure regulators, and other critical network assets.
• Managing grid connection processes for new customers, distributed generation facilities, and electric vehicle charging infrastructure.

Synonyms or related job titles

Grid Technician, Line Worker, Network Planner, Smart Meter Technician, Grid Dispatcher, Distribution System Operator, Cable Jointer, Network Engineer, Metering Technician, Grid Operations Manager, Overhead Line Worker, Network Controller.

11. Energy Services

Summary

The Energy Services job family is comprising roles responsible for delivering energy efficiency consulting, energy audits, renewable energy installations, and energy contracting services to residential, commercial, and industrial customers. It includes, but is not limited to, energy consultants, energy auditors, energy efficiency engineers, renewable energy installers, and energy contracting managers. These positions are found in municipal utility service divisions, energy service companies, building services firms, and government energy agencies. The overarching objective is to help customers reduce energy consumption, lower carbon emissions, and transition to sustainable energy solutions through technical advice, project delivery, and ongoing energy management.

Typical Activities

• Conducting energy audits and assessments of buildings, industrial processes, and technical systems to identify savings potential and recommend efficiency measures.
• Designing and implementing energy efficiency retrofits, including insulation, heating system upgrades, lighting modernisation, and building automation solutions.
• Planning, installing, and commissioning renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic arrays, heat pumps, solar thermal collectors, and battery storage for customers.
• Managing energy contracting and performance contracting agreements, including guaranteed savings calculations, measurement and verification, and long-term service delivery.
• Advising customers on available subsidies, regulatory requirements, and certification schemes related to energy efficiency and renewable energy adoption.
• Developing energy concepts and decarbonisation roadmaps for municipalities, housing associations, and commercial property portfolios.

Synonyms or related job titles

Energy Consultant, Energy Auditor, Energy Efficiency Engineer, Renewable Energy Installer, Energy Contracting Manager, Energy Adviser, Sustainability Consultant, Building Energy Specialist, Solar Installer, Heat Pump Technician, Energy Manager, Decarbonisation Specialist.

Summary

Culture and Society within the Municipal / Public Services sector encompasses a broad array of services and initiatives designed to enrich community life, promote cultural heritage, and foster social cohesion. This domain includes roles such as community outreach coordinators, cultural affairs officers, social policy analysts, and public arts program managers. Professionals in Culture and Society work in various municipal departments, cultural institutions, non-profit organizations, and community centers. Their work is instrumental in developing and implementing programs that engage citizens, support diverse cultural expressions, and address societal issues through education, arts, heritage preservation, and social services, ultimately contributing to the well-being and vibrancy of communities.

Typical Activities

• Planning and executing cultural events, festivals, and educational programs that celebrate community diversity and encourage civic engagement.
• Managing public arts initiatives and cultural heritage projects to preserve historical legacies and promote access to the arts.
• Conducting research and analysis on social trends and community needs to inform policy development and program implementation.
• Collaborating with community groups, educational institutions, and other stakeholders to develop inclusive and impactful social services and cultural programs.
• Advocating for policies and resources that support cultural and social development, including funding for arts education, community centers, and social inclusion projects.
• Engaging the public through outreach and communication strategies to raise awareness of cultural and social programs, encouraging active participation and feedback.

Synonyms or related job titles

Community Outreach Coordinator, Cultural Affairs Officer, Social Policy Analyst, Public Arts Program Manager, Heritage Coordinator, Community Development Specialist, Cultural Program Director, Social Services Planner, Community Engagement Officer, Arts and Culture Policy Advisor.

1. Archives and Records Management

Summary

Archives and Records Management is a specialized sub-family within the Culture and Society job family, focusing on the collection, preservation, and management of documents and records that hold historical, legal, and administrative significance. This domain includes roles such as archivists, records managers, documentation specialists, and digital preservationists. Job holders in this field work in various settings, including government archives, corporate archives, libraries, and museums. Their work ensures the accessibility and integrity of information over time, supporting research, governance, legal compliance, and the preservation of cultural heritage.

Typical Activities

• Developing and implementing policies and procedures for records creation, retention, and destruction to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements.
• Organizing, cataloging, and classifying archival materials and records to facilitate access and research.
• Managing digital archives and implementing strategies for the long-term preservation of electronic records, including digitization projects.
• Providing access to records and archives for researchers, government officials, and the public, including reference services and outreach programs.
• Collaborating with other departments and organizations to capture, preserve, and share the institutional memory and historical data.
• Advocating for the importance of archives and records management in preserving cultural heritage and ensuring transparency and accountability in governance.

Synonyms or related job titles

Archivist, Records Manager, Documentation Specialist, Digital Preservationist, Records Analyst, Information Governance Specialist, Corporate Archivist, Records Coordinator, Document Control Officer, Archival Technician.

2. Arts and Culture Programming

Summary

Arts and Culture Programming is a sub-family within the Culture and Society job family, dedicated to curating, developing, and implementing a wide range of arts and cultural programs that engage and enrich communities. This area includes roles such as cultural program coordinators, arts administrators, event planners, and community arts organizers. Job holders in arts and culture programming work in cultural centers, museums, libraries, community organizations, and local government agencies. Their work fosters cultural engagement, supports local artists and cultural institutions, and promotes access to the arts and cultural education for all community members.

Typical Activities

• Designing and organizing cultural events, exhibitions, workshops, and performances that reflect and celebrate community diversity and creativity.
• Securing funding, sponsorships, and partnerships to support arts and culture initiatives, including grant writing and fundraising activities.
• Collaborating with artists, cultural organizations, schools, and community groups to develop and deliver inclusive and accessible cultural programming.
• Managing logistical aspects of program delivery, such as venue coordination, marketing and promotion, audience development, and evaluation.
• Advocating for the importance of arts and culture in community development, well-being, and social cohesion through policy support and public engagement.
• Implementing educational and outreach programs to increase public participation in the arts and awareness of cultural heritage.

Synonyms or related job titles

Cultural Program Coordinator, Arts Administrator, Event Planner, Community Arts Organizer, Cultural Events Manager, Arts Program Director, Museum Education Officer, Cultural Heritage Coordinator, Arts Funding Officer, Community Cultural Liaison.

3. Community Services and Development

Summary

Community Services and Development focuses on enhancing the quality of life for individuals and communities through various support services, programs, and initiatives. This domain includes roles such as community development coordinators, social service managers, outreach workers, and program directors. Job holders in community services and development work in non-profit organizations, government agencies, community centers, and social service organizations, aiming to address and meet the diverse needs of communities, including health, education, employment, housing, and social inclusion.

Typical Activities

• Designing, implementing, and evaluating community development projects and social service programs aimed at improving community health, education, welfare, and overall well-being.
• Engaging in advocacy and policy development to address social issues, promote community interests, and improve access to services.
• Facilitating partnerships and collaborating with local organizations, government agencies, and community groups to leverage resources and enhance program delivery.
• Organizing and leading community outreach efforts to engage community members, raise awareness of available services, and encourage participation in community initiatives.
• Managing program funding, including budgeting, grant writing, and reporting, to ensure the sustainability and effectiveness of community services.
• Providing support and guidance to individuals and families in accessing community resources and services, including counseling, educational programs, and financial assistance.

Synonyms or related job titles

Community Development Coordinator, Social Service Manager, Outreach Worker, Program Director, Community Organizer, Service Coordinator, Community Engagement Specialist, Social Services Manager, Community Outreach Worker, Social Program Coordinator.

4. Cultural Affairs

Summary

Cultural Affairs is a dedicated sub-family focusing on the promotion, preservation, and integration of cultural heritage, arts, and humanities within communities. This area includes roles such as cultural affairs officers, arts commissioners, heritage coordinators, and cultural policy analysts. Job holders in cultural affairs work in government agencies, cultural institutions, non-profit organizations, and advocacy groups. Their efforts are central to fostering an understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity, supporting the arts and cultural sectors, and developing policies and programs that enhance the cultural vitality of communities.

Typical Activities

• Developing and implementing cultural policies and strategies that support the arts, heritage preservation, and cultural programming.
• Coordinating with local artists, cultural organizations, and community groups to organize cultural events, exhibitions, and public art projects.
• Managing grants and funding opportunities to support cultural initiatives and artists within the community.
• Advocating for the value of cultural heritage and the arts in public dialogue and policymaking, emphasizing their role in social cohesion and community development.
• Conducting research and analysis on cultural trends, community needs, and the impact of cultural programs to inform strategic planning and policy decisions.
• Facilitating partnerships between public, private, and non-profit sectors to leverage resources and maximize the impact of cultural affairs programs.

Synonyms or related job titles

Cultural Affairs Officer, Arts Commissioner, Heritage Coordinator, Cultural Policy Analyst, Cultural Programs Director, Arts and Culture Advisor, Cultural Heritage Officer, Public Art Coordinator, Cultural Sector Advocate, Community Arts Planner.

5. Education and Outreach

Summary

Education and Outreach is a sub-family focusing on informing, educating, and engaging the public on various issues, programs, and services. This area encompasses roles such as education coordinators, outreach specialists, community educators, and public engagement officers. Job holders in education and outreach work in diverse environments like schools, community centers, non-profits, and government agencies. Their work aims to enhance public awareness, facilitate learning, and encourage community participation through educational programs, workshops, and public information campaigns.

Typical Activities

• Designing and implementing educational programs and outreach activities tailored to diverse community needs and interests, such as environmental conservation, public health, and cultural heritage.
• Engaging with schools, community groups, and the general public to promote participation in educational and outreach programs, ensuring broad community access to information and resources.
• Developing partnerships with local organizations, institutions, and stakeholders to enhance program reach and effectiveness.
• Facilitating workshops, seminars, and presentations on relevant topics, providing opportunities for learning, dialogue, and engagement.
• Creating and distributing educational materials, including flyers, newsletters, and digital content, to increase awareness and understanding of various issues and services.
• Evaluating the impact of educational and outreach programs, gathering feedback to inform continuous improvement and better meet community needs.

Synonyms or related job titles

Education Coordinator, Outreach Specialist, Community Educator, Public Engagement Officer, Program Outreach Coordinator, Health Education Specialist, Environmental Education Coordinator, Cultural Outreach Coordinator, Community Relations Specialist, Public Information Officer.

6. Historic Preservation

Summary

Historic Preservation is a sub-family focusing on the protection, restoration, and management of cultural heritage sites, historic buildings, and artifacts. This domain includes roles such as preservationists, conservation officers, historical architects, and heritage site managers. Job holders in historic preservation work in various settings, including local government agencies, non-profit preservation organizations, historical societies, and cultural institutions. Their work is vital for safeguarding historical legacies, promoting cultural identity, and facilitating public access and education about historical sites and materials.

Typical Activities

• Conducting surveys and assessments to identify and document historic properties and artifacts of significance.
• Developing and implementing preservation plans and strategies to maintain and restore historic sites and structures, ensuring adherence to legal and best practice standards.
• Collaborating with government agencies, community groups, and stakeholders to promote public awareness and support for historic preservation.
• Securing funding and managing grants for preservation projects, including writing proposals and managing project budgets.
• Providing guidance on the appropriate use, rehabilitation, and adaptive reuse of historic properties to ensure their preservation while meeting contemporary needs.
• Advocating for historic preservation through public outreach, education programs, and participation in policy development and planning processes.

Synonyms or related job titles

Preservationist, Conservation Officer, Historical Architect, Heritage Site Manager, Cultural Resource Manager, Historic Preservation Planner, Conservation Specialist, Architectural Conservator, Preservation Project Manager, Heritage Preservation Coordinator.

7. Library Services

Summary

Library Services is a sub-family dedicated to providing access to information, resources, and learning opportunities to the public. This domain encompasses roles such as librarians, library assistants, catalogers, and digital resources specialists. Job holders in library services work in public libraries, school libraries, academic institutions, and special libraries. Their efforts are central to fostering literacy, supporting educational pursuits, promoting lifelong learning, and ensuring equitable access to a wide range of information and resources for all community members.

Typical Activities

• Managing and curating collections of books, periodicals, electronic resources, and other media to meet the informational and recreational needs of the community.
• Assisting patrons with research, information retrieval, and access to library services, including reference services and technical assistance.
• Implementing and managing digital library services and resources, such as online databases, eBooks, and digital archives, to expand access beyond physical library spaces.
• Conducting educational programs, workshops, and events to engage the community and promote the use of library resources and services.
• Collaborating with schools, community organizations, and other libraries to develop and promote literacy programs and reading initiatives.
• Overseeing the organization and maintenance of library materials, ensuring that collections are accessible and up to date.

Synonyms or related job titles

Librarian, Library Assistant, Cataloger, Digital Resources Specialist, Information Services Librarian, Public Services Librarian, Technical Services Librarian, Children's Librarian, Library Director, Archival Technician.

8. Museum

Summary

Museum is a specialized sub-family focusing on the curation, preservation, and presentation of cultural, historical, and scientific artifacts and exhibitions. This domain includes roles such as museum curators, conservators, exhibition designers, and museum educators. Job holders in museums work in various institutions, including art galleries, historical museums, science centers, and cultural heritage sites. Their work is pivotal in safeguarding artifacts and collections, engaging the public with educational and interactive experiences, and fostering an appreciation for cultural heritage and scientific discovery.

Typical Activities

• Curating and managing museum collections, including acquiring, documenting, and conserving artifacts and works of art.
• Designing and organizing exhibitions that educate and engage visitors, tell compelling stories, and highlight the significance of the collections.
• Developing educational programs, workshops, and guided tours to enhance visitor understanding and appreciation of exhibits.
• Conducting research related to the museum's collections and contributing to academic and public discourse through publications and presentations.
• Collaborating with community organizations, schools, and other museums to promote cultural exchange and increase public access to museum resources.
• Overseeing the preservation and maintenance of collections, ensuring that artifacts are stored and displayed in conditions that prevent deterioration.

Synonyms or related job titles

Museum Curator, Conservator, Exhibition Designer, Museum Educator, Collections Manager, Art Handler, Museum Director, Public Programs Coordinator, Cultural Heritage Specialist, Gallery Manager.

9. Parks and Recreation

Summary

Parks and Recreation is a sub-family focusing on the management, development, and operation of parks, recreational facilities, and community programs. This domain includes roles such as park managers, recreation coordinators, landscape architects, and community program directors. Job holders in parks and recreation work in local and state parks, community recreation centers, sports complexes, and public gardens. Their work is essential in providing accessible outdoor and indoor recreational opportunities, promoting physical health and wellness, conserving natural resources, and enhancing community well-being through leisure and recreational activities.

Typical Activities

• Planning, developing, and maintaining parklands, recreational facilities, and trails to ensure they are safe, accessible, and meet community needs.
• Designing and implementing a wide range of recreational programs and activities for all age groups, including sports, arts, environmental education, and wellness initiatives.
• Coordinating community events and festivals that foster social cohesion, cultural expression, and community pride.
• Managing budgets, staff, and resources to deliver effective parks and recreation services while ensuring environmental stewardship and sustainability.
• Collaborating with community organizations, schools, and other government agencies to maximize the impact of recreation and leisure services.
• Advocating for the importance of public parks and recreational programs as essential components of community infrastructure and quality of life.

Synonyms or related job titles

Park Manager, Recreation Coordinator, Landscape Architect, Community Program Director, Environmental Educator, Recreation Specialist, Parks Superintendent, Leisure Services Manager, Community Recreation Manager, Outdoor Recreation Planner.

10. Tourism and Visitor Services

Summary

Tourism and Visitor Services is a sub-family focusing on enhancing the experiences of tourists and visitors through the provision of information, guidance, and access to local attractions and cultural heritage sites. This domain includes roles such as tourism coordinators, visitor services managers, tour guides, and information specialists. Job holders in tourism and visitor services work in visitor centers, tourism bureaus, museums, historic sites, and local attractions. Their work is pivotal in promoting local tourism, providing exceptional visitor experiences, supporting the local economy, and fostering a positive image of the area.

Typical Activities

• Developing and implementing strategies to promote tourism and attract visitors to the area, highlighting local attractions, events, and cultural heritage.
• Managing visitor centers and information services, providing guests with resources, guidance, and recommendations to enhance their visit.
• Coordinating with local businesses, cultural institutions, and event organizers to create comprehensive visitor packages and promotions.
• Conducting tours and educational programs to engage visitors with the history, culture, and natural beauty of the area.
• Gathering feedback from visitors to assess service quality and visitor satisfaction, making adjustments to improve future experiences.

Synonyms or related job titles

Tourism Coordinator, Visitor Services Manager, Tour Guide, Information Specialist, Destination Marketing Manager, Tourism Development Officer, Visitor Experience Manager, Cultural Heritage Guide, Travel Concierge, Tourism Promotion Officer.

11. Other Culture and Society Disciplines

Please match in this collective family all specialized Culture and Society jobs that cannot be assigned to one of the above-mentioned families. Competencies from the parent family will be shown. A selection of parent family-specific Benchmark Job Matches is available and can be selected manually. The availability of benchmark job matches depends on the survey vendor chosen.

12. Funeral and Cemetery Services

Summary

The Funeral and Cemetery Services job family is a sub-family within Culture and Society, encompassing roles responsible for the planning, administration, and delivery of funeral, burial, and cremation services, as well as the maintenance and management of public cemeteries and memorial grounds. It includes, but is not limited to, funeral directors, cemetery managers, crematorium operators, gravediggers, cemetery gardeners, and stonemasons. These positions are found in municipal funeral service departments, public cemetery administrations, crematorium facilities, and memorial park operations. The overarching objective is to provide dignified, culturally sensitive end-of-life services to communities while maintaining cemetery grounds as respectful and well-kept public spaces.

Typical Activities

• Coordinating and conducting funeral, burial, and cremation services in accordance with legal requirements, cultural customs, and family wishes.
• Managing cemetery operations, including grave allocation, plot records, interment scheduling, and long-term maintenance of burial sites and memorial structures.
• Operating and maintaining crematorium facilities, ensuring compliance with environmental regulations, emissions standards, and occupational safety requirements.
• Performing horticultural and landscaping work on cemetery grounds, including planting, pruning, lawn care, and seasonal maintenance of gardens and green spaces.
• Carrying out stonemasonry and monument work, including the installation, restoration, and repair of headstones, grave markers, and memorial structures.
• Administering customer-facing services such as bereavement counselling referrals, fee collection, and documentation of burial and cremation records.

Synonyms or related job titles

Funeral Director, Cemetery Manager, Crematorium Operator, Gravedigger, Cemetery Gardener, Stonemason, Burial Services Coordinator, Memorial Park Superintendent, Funeral Arranger, Cemetery Administrator, Bereavement Services Officer, Cremation Technician.

Summary

Social Services is a crucial component of the Municipal / Public Services sector, dedicated to providing support, resources, and programs aimed at improving the well-being and quality of life for individuals and communities. This broad field encompasses roles such as social workers, case managers, community support workers, and social service directors. Job holders in social services work in a variety of settings, including government agencies, non-profit organizations, healthcare facilities, and schools. Their work is essential in addressing social issues, supporting vulnerable populations, and providing the necessary services to assist individuals in achieving stability, health, and self-sufficiency.

Typical Activities

• Assessing the needs of individuals and families to provide targeted support services, including counseling, financial assistance, and healthcare services.
• Developing and implementing community outreach programs to educate and provide resources on health, education, and welfare services.
• Coordinating with other professionals and agencies to provide a comprehensive support network for clients, including mental health services, housing, and employment assistance.
• Advocating for clients and communities to access services, rights, and opportunities, addressing systemic barriers to well-being.
• Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of social service programs, ensuring they meet the needs of the community and adhere to policy and regulatory standards.
• Providing crisis intervention services to individuals and families in emergency situations, offering immediate support and resources.

Synonyms or related job titles

Social Worker, Case Manager, Community Support Worker, Social Service Director, Family Services Coordinator, Welfare Officer, Child Protection Worker, Community Outreach Coordinator, Rehabilitation Counselor, Social Policy Analyst.

1. Counseling

Summary

Counseling is a specialized sub-family focusing on providing psychological support, guidance, and therapy to individuals, families, and groups. This field encompasses roles such as mental health counselors, family therapists, school counselors, and substance abuse counselors. Job holders in counseling work in various settings, including community health centers, schools, private practices, and rehabilitation facilities. Their work is critical in addressing mental health issues, fostering emotional well-being, supporting educational and career goals, and aiding in recovery from addiction. Through counseling services, they help individuals navigate life's challenges, improve relationships, and achieve personal growth.

Typical Activities

• Conducting assessments and evaluations to identify the psychological, emotional, and behavioral needs of clients.
• Developing and implementing therapeutic plans and interventions tailored to the specific needs and goals of clients.
• Providing individual, couple, family, and group therapy sessions to address a wide range of issues, including stress, depression, anxiety, relationship problems, and substance abuse.
• Collaborating with other social service professionals, educators, and healthcare providers to coordinate care and support for clients.
• Advocating for mental health awareness and access to counseling services within the community.
• Maintaining confidentiality and ethical standards in the treatment of all clients, fostering a safe and trusting environment for therapy.

Synonyms or related job titles

Mental Health Counselor, Family Therapist, School Counselor, Substance Abuse Counselor, Clinical Social Worker, Marriage Counselor, Behavioral Therapist, Rehabilitation Counselor, Career Counselor, Psychotherapist, Community Health Workers.

2. Integration

Summary

Integration is a sub-family that focuses on facilitating the inclusion and participation of individuals and groups into the community, especially targeting immigrants, refugees, and other marginalized populations. This field includes roles such as integration specialists, community outreach workers, cultural mediators, and inclusion coordinators. Job holders in civic integration work in various settings, including non-profit organizations, government agencies, community centers, and educational institutions. Their work is essential in supporting newcomers and marginalized groups to overcome barriers, access services, and become active, engaged members of the community. Through integration services, they aim to promote diversity, inclusivity, and social cohesion.

Typical Activities

• Developing and implementing programs that assist individuals in navigating legal, educational, healthcare, and employment systems within their new community.
• Providing language training and cultural orientation sessions to help newcomers adapt and thrive in their new environment.
• Facilitating connections between newcomers and local communities through social events, mentorship programs, and volunteer opportunities.
• Advocating for policies and practices that support the integration and rights of immigrants, refugees, and marginalized populations.
• Collaborating with local businesses, schools, and other organizations to create inclusive opportunities for employment, education, and community involvement.
• Conducting outreach to identify the needs of immigrant and refugee populations and tailor services to meet those needs effectively.

Synonyms or related job titles

Integration Specialist, Community Outreach Worker, Cultural Mediator, Inclusion Coordinator, Immigrant Services Coordinator, Refugee Support Worker, Diversity Officer, Settlement Worker, Community Liaison Officer, Social Inclusion Advisor.

3. Social Affairs

Summary

Social Affairs is an encompassing sub-family focusing on the development, implementation, and oversight of policies and programs aimed at improving social welfare and addressing the needs of diverse community groups. This domain includes roles such as social policy analysts, community development officers, welfare advisors, and public affairs specialists. Job holders in social affairs work across various platforms, including government departments, non-profit organizations, think tanks, and advocacy groups. Their work is pivotal in advocating for social justice, equity, and the provision of services that support the well-being of all community members, especially the most vulnerable.

Typical Activities

• Researching and analyzing social trends, issues, and policies to inform the development of comprehensive social programs and initiatives.
• Engaging with community members, stakeholders, and policymakers to gather input and build consensus on social policy directions and strategies.
• Developing and advocating for policies that address key social issues such as poverty, housing, healthcare, education, and employment.
• Coordinating with other social service providers and government agencies to ensure the effective delivery of social programs and services.
• Monitoring and evaluating the impact of social policies and programs, recommending adjustments and improvements to meet community needs more effectively.
• Raising public awareness about social issues and the importance of social policy in improving community welfare and social justice.

Synonyms or related job titles

Social Policy Analyst, Community Development Officer, Welfare Advisor, Public Affairs Specialist, Social Services Planner, Policy Advisor, Community Welfare Coordinator, Social Researcher, Social Justice Advocate, Public Policy Coordinator.

4. Other Social Services Disciplines

Please match in this collective family all specialized Social Services jobs that cannot be assigned to one of the above-mentioned families. Competencies from the parent family will be shown. A selection of parent family-specific Benchmark Job Matches is available and can be selected manually. The availability of benchmark job matches depends on the survey vendor chosen.